Psychosocial Determinants Based on the Health Promotion Model of Lifestyle Behavior Change in Youth Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adolescents and youth-onset populations is a growing global health concern, driven by unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and psychosocial vulnerability. Psychosocial determinants are critical in shaping lifestyle behavior change; however, existing evidence remains fragmented. The Health Promotion Model (HPM) offers a relevant framework to understand these determinants, particularly self efficacy and interpersonal influences.
Objective: This scoping review aimed to map psychosocial determinants based on the Health Promotion Model that influence lifestyle behavior change in adolescents and youth onset T2DM.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA ScR guidelines. Literature searches were performed in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies included those involving adolescents or youth onset T2DM that examined psychosocial factors related to lifestyle behaviors such as diet, physical activity, and self management. Data were analyzed thematically.
Results: Thirteen studies were included. Self efficacy emerged as the most consistent determinant influencing lifestyle behavior change and diabetes self management. Other factors included social support, motivation, and perceived barriers. Most studies focused on young adults rather than adolescents, and few explicitly applied HPM.
Conclusion: Psychosocial determinants, particularly self efficacy, play a central role in lifestyle behavior change among youth onset T2DM. Greater integration of HPM in adolescent focused research is needed to strengthen intervention development.
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